Influence of Land Use and Land Cover Changes to Avifaunal and Malacofaunal Assemblage in Canarem Lake, Victoria, Tarlac

Balisi, Jaira Angeline T.

The Canarem Lake is a recognized wetland and bird sanctuary in the Province of Tarlac. However, despite its ecological significance, many aspects of its biodiversity and physical characteristics remain understudied. Given that the area is vulnerable to land conversion due to various anthropogenic activities, this study aimed to assess the implications of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes on selected bioindicators birds and snails in Canarem Lake. To analyze LULC changes from 2000 to 2023, satellite images from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were processed. Results indicated that agricultural areas dominated Barangay Canarem from 2000 to 2023 but have gradually decreased over time. Built-up areas had the smallest areal size, while other LULC types fluctuated in extent. Bird diversity surveys conducted during both wet and dry seasons revealed low diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener Index but high species richness. In contrast, snail diversity was characterized by very low Shannon Diversity and low species richness according to the Margalef Index, but a moderate level of diversity based on the Simpsons Diversity Index. Additionally, birds exhibited higher observation rates during the wet season, whereas snails had higher capture rates in the dry season. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between LULC classes and snail biodiversity but found no significant association for birds. This study provides the first comprehensive diversity survey of birds and snails across LULC classes and seasons in Canarem Lake, serving as a baseline for future research on similar topics. To protect this vital wetland from anthropogenic threats, the study recommends the development and enforcement of stringent conservation measures by relevant stakeholders. Collaborative efforts are essential to continuously monitor LULC changes, mitigate surface water abstraction, and limit human intrusion, ensuring the long-term ecological integrity of Canarem Lake.